In Their Words
Fall 2017 | By Laura J. Cole
The Department of Veteran Affairs reports that more than 1.5 million veterans live in聽 Florida, making it the third largest veteran population in the nation, following California and Texas.
It鈥檚 a big number, but one that Barbara Gannon, an associate professor of history, sees as a big opportunity. Since 2011, she has been in charge of the 激情快播 Community Veterans History Project, which records stories of Central Florida veterans. So far, they have recorded nearly 600 stories from veterans in every branch of the military, spanning from World War II to the Iraq War.
鈥淲e feel that listening to veterans鈥� stories is a way to show we appreciate them,鈥� says Gannon, an Army veteran. 鈥淭he effect on students who don鈥檛 know anything about or have any personal connection with the military is amazing. It really opens their eyes to a world they know nothing about.鈥�
And sharing their stories 鈥� experiences that are often so removed from most civilians鈥� 鈥� is the driving force behind the program, which is an offspring of the national Veterans History Project. Launched in 2000 by the Library of Congress, the national project is focused on collecting, preserving and making聽accessible 鈥渢he personal accounts of American war veterans so that future generations may hear directly from veterans and better understand the realities of war.鈥�
The national program came to 激情快播 in the fall of 2010. Gannon, who specializes in military history, oral history and memory studies, was hired to oversee the interdisciplinary project.
Each semester, Gannon offer an oral history workshop, teaching students how to conduct interviews properly; how to research the branches of the military, the missions, the wars, even military language to prepare themselves; and how to conduct mock interviews to prepare the veterans.
鈥淲e ask questions and allow the veteran to tell his or her story,鈥� says John Grande, a graduate history student and former Marine.
鈥淓ach story is so important for its own reason,鈥� says Tiffany Rivera, who oversees the project鈥檚 outreach. 鈥淢any times, veterans don鈥檛 realize the importance themselves until they stop and think about it and share their experience with someone else.鈥�
鈥淢any times, veterans don鈥檛 realize the importance [of their stories] themselves until they stop and think about it and share their experience with someone else.鈥�Tiffany Rivera, assistant director of educational and training programs
The reality is that there are so many stories to collect 鈥� a good problem to have, but a problem nonetheless. Students and staff are only able to collect and record so many.
鈥淵ou can鈥檛 tell a 95-year-old World War II veteran to wait,鈥� Gannon says. 鈥淰ietnam veterans are aging. We have an entire generation of veterans, including veterans of our 21st-century wars, who have come home with stories to share. We need to hear them. We always have more work to do here.鈥�
To put it in perspective,聽there are 1,300 student veterans at 激情快播 alone. 鈥淲e wouldn鈥檛 be able to get through all of our student veterans, but we like to think about partnerships as our force multiplier effect, which is a good military term,鈥� Gannon says.
To reach more veterans, 激情快播 partners with volunteers in places such as the Village on the Green senior community in Longwood and the Learning Institute for Elders (LIFE) at 激情快播 to implement peer-to-peer programs. 鈥淲e trained the volunteers the same way that we teach oral history workshops here on campus,鈥� Rivera says. 鈥淭hey did the mock interviews and were able to practice and become comfortable, but they also were able to relate to their veterans in a different way than our students.鈥� Those partnerships have resulted in 50 interviews.
All of the interviews recorded so far are available through the 激情快播 Special Collections website. We selected five interviews from the collection, so you can see for yourself the kind of work Gannon and her students have done and learn why these stories are so powerful 鈥� and such a valuable part of our nation鈥檚 history.
*Original interviews have been edited for length and clarity, but we opted to maintain the original voice of the聽interviewees. As such, transcripts may include language and situations that may be inappropriate for some audiences.
Specialist Jose Belen
U.S. Army
Served: 3 years
War: Iraq
On His First Experience in Iraq
鈥淚 remember as clear as day crossing over [from Kuwait to Iraq] and chief giving the order, 鈥楲ock and load that .50-caliber machine gun.鈥� No safety on it. And I just remember, immediately, a gang of kids running over toward our vehicles, and the order was if they were armed or posed a threat, I had to kill them. That was the grim reality.鈥�
On Good Memories
鈥淭here were some good times because we did really try to help the people and reconstruct neighborhoods and things of that nature. There would be times that we would get bags of candy or care packages from home and instead of keeping them for ourselves, we鈥檇 distribute them to the children. I remember we got some soccer balls and gave them to the kids. Those were the positive memories. We cared. I cared for those people.鈥�
On Losing His Best Friend
鈥淥n December 22, 2003, we got hit with an IED, and it took the life of my best friend Stuart Moore as well as our lieutenant, Matthew Saltz. That鈥檚 a story that鈥檚 taken me years to tell without getting emotional, but now I am able to look back on it and say as long as we are able to keep these memories of these guys alive, then they didn鈥檛 die in vain.鈥�
On Fighting
鈥淭here鈥檚 something that happens out in the battlefield, it鈥檚 kind of primal. A warrior spirit gets awoken, and if you鈥檙e given that, then you have no fear of combat.鈥�
On Talking to Family While at War
鈥淚 purposely didn鈥檛 call home sometimes because of all the stuff I was engaged in. I would lie to my mom, and that was hard. I鈥檇 be just finished coming back from some crazy op or ambush, sitting there covered in blood, all messed up, and she鈥檇 ask how I鈥檓 doing. 鈥業鈥檓 fine.鈥� 鈥楧id you see combat?鈥� 鈥楴o, I鈥檓 in an office.鈥� I kind of shied away from calling home a lot because where I鈥檓 at, they have no idea.鈥�
On Coming Home
鈥淭here was nothing left, man. I was a shell of who I was before. I鈥檝e battled suicide because of PTSD the entire time [I鈥檝e been back]. People need to realize that we have the war that we fight over there, but we have an internal fight, a mental one essentially when we come home.鈥�
On Life After the Military
鈥淚鈥檝e given my life to speaking, to bringing awareness to PTSD, to hopefully bringing the suicide numbers down to zero one day. If no one speaks up on a major scale, no one is going to hear us.鈥�
Yeoman Martha (Sue Hernandez Noe) Blair
U.S. Navy
Served: 16 years
War: Vietnam
On Why She Enlisted in the Navy
鈥淭here was no real conscious thought about enlisting 鈥� I just did it. I really wanted to go into the Marine Corps, but I didn鈥檛 like their cover [a military term for hat] and I looked terrible in green, so I joined the Navy.鈥�
On Expectations
鈥淚 wanted to learn something that was outside of what I grew up with. I had never been outside of the state of Texas. Going from there to boot camp to my first command 鈥� airplanes, helicopters, jets, men, noise, bombs 鈥� it was a learning experience. And I embraced it.鈥�
On Training
鈥淢y first week, we had to learn about marching, how to dress, how to fold our clothes, make the beds, all the little important things. The big thing they wanted was to break us down. They wanted us to learn to work with everyone as a team, to depend on each other, and to learn to speak military and understand military. That first week was very intense.鈥�
On Being Among the First Women聽in the Military
鈥淚t was hard, very hard. The men did not want us there. I鈥檓 not saying they were abusive 鈥� they weren鈥檛. Once they realized we were good guys, and that we could not only take it but dish it out, the relationships with the men in my unit improved and we became very good friends. But it was a rough haul.鈥�
On Being Pregnant in the Military
鈥淭hey didn鈥檛 have maternity uniforms for my first child, and they didn鈥檛 really know what to do with us. You had 30 days from the day you had the baby to be back at work, in uniform, at weight. We couldn鈥檛 let being pregnant interfere with what we did, our jobs. I was at work for all three of my children when I went into labor.鈥�
On Returning Home for the First Time
鈥淚 was afraid to get up and get something to drink without permission. For eight weeks, I had someone telling me what to do every second, and now I didn鈥檛. Being home seemed foreign. All of a sudden, my brother didn鈥檛 understand me. My friends thought I was a little strange. That was an adjustment for me, realizing we weren鈥檛 the same anymore. I had changed.鈥�
On Her Son Entering the Military
鈥淢y oldest son was in the Marine Corps. When he joined, I was like, 鈥極K, bye, see ya!鈥� My second child went to a civilian college, and I was a snot-nosed mess. The Marine Corps I understood. College I didn鈥檛, and that was traumatic for me.鈥�
On Breaking the Concrete Ceiling
鈥淭here are still glass ceilings, but they鈥檙e easier to break. That鈥檚 why they鈥檙e called glass ceilings. We hit the concrete, and it wasn鈥檛 easy to break, but many of us managed to put a lot of cracks in it.鈥�
Corporal Robert Glasgow
U.S. Marine Corps
Served: 4 years
War: Iraq
On Drill Instructors
鈥淭hey were the first and last men I will ever fear.鈥�
On September 11
鈥淪ergeant came out and said the two towers were taken out. I used to live in New York. I thought it was a joke. Later that night, they showed us a video of the twin towers and a plane slamming into them one after the other. They said, 鈥楾his is why we鈥檙e going to war. Oorah.鈥� Everyone was like, 鈥極orah.鈥� I was like, 鈥楽hit. We鈥檙e going to war.鈥� 鈥�
On a Typical Day
鈥淪leep, get up, get your gear, have breakfast, look around, change out the watches, look at people, try to win hearts and minds even though we knew we weren鈥檛 doing anything good, and occasionally get shot at, wait for bigger orders or something else to do.鈥�
On the Most Memorable Day in Iraq
鈥淎 day that was particularly memorable was the third day on the assault on Fallujah. We had tanks on point flanking light armored reconnaissance (LAR) assets, a platoon of tracks [tanks], and three platoons of infantry Marines on the ground. Weapons platoon (my guys) were scattered throughout the platoons and tracks as well. We ran into the middle of their defense, and they stopped all of us dead cold. RPG after RPG. Machine guns鈥� fire everywhere. Marines were dropping. Every new turn we did, less Marines were there to confront them. We were taking on casualties. It was a chaotic mess. The tanks were just searching, traversing, alpha striking everywhere 鈥� an alpha strike is when they鈥檙e using all their weapons at once. [The tanks] were making Swiss cheese out of their houses, but it didn鈥檛 make聽a dent in the enemy. It got so bad that RPGs were getting stuck under smokestacks.鈥�
On the Aftermath of Battle
鈥淭hose moments of quiet are what got me. Some guys it didn鈥檛 even affect. Some guys are just the epitome of a war fighter. I was more sensitive, but still proud to serve next to them and be one of them.鈥�
On the Significant Lesson Learned
鈥淲hen going through hell, just keep going. Keep moving.鈥�
On Medals
鈥淭he Marine Corps doesn鈥檛 do that unless you鈥檙e a god.鈥�
On Adjusting to Civilian Life
鈥淚t鈥檚 been a horrible transition. I didn鈥檛 know the VA existed. 鈥� I thank my lucky stars my uncle and my family were strong and were able to get me connected. I don鈥檛 know where I鈥檇 be without them right now, actually. I eventually went to a program where they said they would get me tools to help me handle who I was, but really it was just a guise to get numbers and put me on a bunch of medications, and say, 鈥楬ere, you鈥檙e healed.鈥� I didn鈥檛 want that. I wanted to actually deal with who I was, not lose who I was.鈥�
Corporal William Kahn
U.S. Army
Served: 2 years
War: World War II
On Speaking Multiple Languages
鈥淚 speak about three and a half languages. I speak English, German, Spanish and a little bit of Polish, what my dad taught me. I鈥檇 call that the half.鈥�
On Being Drafted
鈥淚 was studying pre-medicine in college, and I wanted to finish my year out before I had to go, but they had a different idea. 鈥� In 1943, I went into the military, and they sent me to an anti-aircraft artillery battalion in Fort Bliss, Texas.鈥�
On the Battle of the Bulge
鈥淸That was my] first battle. Everything was very quiet for a couple days聽because we were blanketed with fog, and that鈥檚 the reason why we were initially losing the Battle of the Bulge 鈥� because of the fog. We were closed in. We couldn鈥檛 get any reinforcements. We couldn鈥檛 get any supplies. We couldn鈥檛 get any ammunition because the planes couldn鈥檛 fly. And the Germans had outnumbered us 2-to-1. We were completely surrounded. We went to bed that night, and everything was quiet. So quiet, you wouldn鈥檛 realize a war was going on. Then about 5:30 in the morning it sounded like all hell was breaking loose. We had to quickly get dressed, run out, and get our weapons. We knew that we were being attacked. I was captured shortly after that.鈥�
On Being a Prisoner of War
鈥淲e marched 513 miles. It took us five months of marching, on the road every day, just as far as we could go. Wherever we got, we looked for a decent place to lay down. If we couldn鈥檛 find a place, we slept on the snow and the ice. … I gained favor with the guards by knowing German.鈥�
On What They Were Fed
鈥淢ostly, [the Germans] gave us a loaf of bread to divide between 15 and 20 people. If we would get one a day, we were fortunate, but usually we鈥檇 get about three loaves a week. And we got some soup, which we called grass soup. It was just water with grass thrown in and boiled, and bugs crawled on top of it. We had to spit them out.鈥�
On How He Escaped
鈥淸We escaped when the Russians attacked us near the Czechoslovakian border. My partner, George, and I managed to get away from them.] 鈥� We鈥檇 hide in the ditches most of the day. And one time, both of us were down in a ditch and we heard some tanks coming. We saw the star on it, and we knew it was our tank. We jumped out on the street and waved. We told [the guy in head of the tanks] that we were escaped prisoners.鈥�
On Life After the War
鈥淚 ran a gasoline service station and returned to college, where I met my wife. We went to Elmhurst College and met in a chemistry class.鈥�
Captain John Gillooly
U.S. Navy
Served: 30 years
War: World War II
On Arriving in the Pacific
鈥淚t was much harder than I thought it would be. There was much to learn. Although I had been trained technically at the Naval Academy, I had all this to learn about a ship at sea and life at sea and a crew, and you had to learn it in a hurry because we were under fire the better part of the time.鈥�
On the Battle of Surigao Strait
鈥淚 was on the USS Columbia, a light cruiser in the South Pacific. The night after we had put the troops to shore, the Japanese came up through Surigao Strait to begin what would be the last great surface battle of all time. 鈥� It was like the Fourth of July, that night battle. We鈥檙e firing. We have 6-inch guns and 5-inch guns, and I鈥檓 on sound-powered phones in the middle of this. The whole thing is frightening. It鈥檚 also a wonder to see it.鈥�
On First Seeing a Kamikaze
鈥淲e were in a circular formation in Leyte Gulf. It was about dusk, and all of a sudden, we鈥檙e under attack from 25 Japanese aircraft. 鈥� I鈥檓 in a full air control position, so I have wide vision and I can see what鈥檚 happening. I see them. Four of them break off and dive directly down on the cruiser opposite us, the St. Louis, in a formation. Two聽of them just miss her, and two of them hit her. That鈥檚 the first time I realized what we were up against because we had no chance. There was no way. We didn鈥檛 have guns fast enough to stop that, so if they were going to hit us, they were going to hit us. We lost many, many people; one of them was my classmate.鈥�
On Hiroshima and Nagasaki
鈥淲e were prepared, and we had been briefed for the invasion of Japan. We knew we were gonna be in great danger. Unbeknownst to us, we came back for one of those night sweeps, and the next morning it was announced that the first bomb had been dropped. We had no knowledge of that. It was unexpected. Then, the next bomb was dropped.鈥�
On V-J Day
鈥淚 celebrated V-J Day in the harbor in Okinawa with a couple of friends of mine. We had a couple of guys who knew how to find medicinal alcohol, so we had a great celebration.鈥�
After WWII
鈥淚 came back on the Columbia and stayed on her, and decided I never wanted to go to war again unless I was flying an air craft, so I put in for flight training. After some months, I finally got ordered to flight training. That was another whole chapter in my life.鈥�
On Learning to Fly
鈥淚t鈥檚 a young man鈥檚 game to learn to fly. I was older, and I had already had some experience with my life, so it was pretty difficult for me to go through flight training.鈥�
A veteran stops by one of the graves in the Florida National Cemetery, located in Bushnell. (Photo courtesy of the Orlando Sentinel)
Finding Their Stories聽
On July 19, 1918, Alexander Miguel Roberts was flying over Belgium as part of what was then called the Army Air Corps, when he found himself in a dogfight. He was outnumbered 3-to-1, but managed to strike down one of the enemy planes before his plane was shot down.
鈥淢y plane descended and when it struck earth, I was inside the German lines and was made a prisoner,鈥� said Roberts in an article that ran in his hometown newspaper a month after the attack.
His capture and release nearly a year later made Roberts an aviation legend. He would go on to appear in air shows, compete in cross-country races and serve in World War II.
鈥淗e helped generate enthusiasm for the birth of aviation in America,鈥� writes 激情快播 history major Alexander Zimmerman in a biography on the lieutenant colonel who died on July 23, 1988, and is one of the nearly 130,000 veterans buried in the Florida National Cemetery.
The paper was researched and written as part of the . Created by the National Cemetery Administration (NCA), an agency of the Department of Veterans Affair , the project works to share the stories of deceased veterans with a broad audience. 激情快播 was one of only three universities selected to launch the project.
鈥溂で榭觳モ�檚 history department was in a unique position to compete for this VA contract because we are dedicated to public engagement,鈥� says Amelia Lyons, an associate professor of history who leads the project at 激情快播 and has been working with students such as Zimmerman. 鈥淭he National Cemetery Administration runs 135 cemeteries in the U.S., and one of the largest is the Florida National Cemetery.鈥�
While the goal for this program is related to 激情快播鈥檚 Community Veterans History Project, in that both aim to share veterans鈥� stories, the work students and faculty are doing to tell those stories is different. For starters, students in the Veterans Legacy Program must do significant聽research to learn more about the people listed on tombstones and grave markers. To do so, they rely on primary sources like draft registration cards, local newspapers and family members, so they can write robust biographies about each individual, such as Roberts.
The program鈥檚 focus is also different in its goal to make this research available to K鈥�12 schools. Part of that includes educational tours of the cemetery, such as the one conducted in May for seventh-graders from Davenport School of the Arts. 激情快播 students, faculty and staff taught them about individual veterans, the VA and NCA. There is also a website for educators to use in the classroom, and an app, which cemetery visitors can use by scanning a tombstone to read about an individual veteran.
鈥淲hen we went out to the cemetery, we saw this ocean of white markers. Each one is a person who fought for our country, but all we see is stones,鈥� says Zimmerman, whose grandfather was a high-ranking officer in the Flying Tigers, uncle flew helicopters in Vietnam and brother fought during the Iraq War. 鈥淏ut then you find out the story behind each stone. Now that鈥檚 a person who was willing to give up his or her entire life so that we can have the life we have. It just makes it so much more impactful.鈥�